The Pros and Cons of Functionalism and Marxism - 2300 Words

The two theoretical approaches I have chosen to compare to the study of crime are Functionalism and Marxism. I have done so, as I believe both theories are important/ significant to the study of crime and differentiate from each other. I will do this by writing a critique the advantages and disadvantages of both of the theories and thus, resulting in my own personal opinion in the conclusion. Marxism derived from German philosophers Karl Marx (also a political economist/ sociologist) and Friedrich Engels in the middle of the 1800s. ‘Marxism is based on the idea that society is defined by the conflict between the ruling class (Bourgeoisie) and the working class (Proletariat) and these beings the two main classes’ (Hart, 2013). It†¦show more content†¦Moreover Karl Marx is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers (Hart, 2013). As well as this, the theory itself has many advantages, including the elimination of the idea that aristocracy is above the law/ h as a great influence over the law, and the suggestion of different policing for the different social classes has been accredited. Moreover Marxism helps us to understand the crime of the powerful whereas Functionalism mainly focuses on society as being a group and does not really focus on the individual person. ‘Their (Marx and Engels) analysis of social organisation, power and exploitation had a powerful impact upon much twentieth-century criminology’ (Newburn, 2009, p.264). Following on from this, Marxism is greatly supportive of privatization and would therefore agree with the increasing privatization of prisons which is being seen at the moment in the UK with ‘At present there are 14 private prisons contractually managed by private companies such as G4S Justice Services, Serco Custodial Services and Sodexo Justice Services’ (politics.co.uk, 2014). And although many seem to be against such privatization and claim the return of theShow MoreRelatedTheori es of International Politics2076 Words   |  8 Pages#3. Discuss the different theoretical approaches to international political economy represented by Realism, Liberalism, and Marxism-Leninism (Radicalism). What are the major differences between these perspectives? How do these three theories differ in their analysis of globalization (what explains it, who benefits from it, etc.)? Realism, Liberalism, and Radicalism offer three very different ideas to International Political Economy. They differ for many reasons, such as the winners and loser, poorRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizational analysis: An introduction’, Organization Studies 9:91–112. Donaldson, L. (1996) For Positivist Organization Theory, London: Sage. Donaldson, L. (2003) ‘A Critique of postmodernism in organization studies. Postmodernism and management: Pros, cons and the alternative’, Research in the Sociology of Organizations 21:169–202. Dryzek, J.S. (1995) ‘Critical theory as a research programme’, in S.K. White (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Habermas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fournier

George Washington Carver Essay Example For Students

George Washington Carver Essay It is not the style of clothes one wears, neither the kind of automobile one drives, nor the amount of money one has in the bank, that counts. These mean nothing. It is simply service that measures success. George Washington Carver. George Washington Carver paved the way for agriculturists to come. He always went for the best throughout his whole life. He didnt just keep the best for himself; he gave it away freely for the benefit of mankind. Not only did he achieve his goal as the worlds greatest agriculturist, but also he achieved the equality and respect of all. We will write a custom essay on George Washington Carver specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now George Washington Carver was born near Diamond Grove, Missouri in 1864. He was born on a farm owned by Moses and Susan Carver. He was born a sick, weak baby and was unable to work on the farm. His weak condition started when a raiding party kidnapped him with his mom. He was returned to the Carvers farm with whooping cough. His mother had disappeared and the identity of his father was unknown, so the Carvers were left to care for him and his brother James. Here on the farm is where George first fell in love with plants and Mother Nature. He had his own little garden in the nearby woods where he would talk to the plants. He soon earned the nickname, The Plant Doctor, and was producing his own medicines right on the farm. Georges formal education started when he was twelve. He had, however, tried to get into schools in the past but was denied on the basis of race. No black school was available locally so he was forced to move. He said Good-bye to his adopted parents, Susan and Moses, and headed to Newton County in southwest Missouri. Here is where the path of his education began. He studied in a one-room schoolhouse and worked on a farm to pay for it. He ended up, shortly after, moving with another family to Fort Scott in Kansas. In Kansas, he worked as a baker in a kitchen while he attended the High School. He paid for his schooling with the money he earned from winning bake-off contests. From there he moved all over bouncing from school to school. College entrance was a struggle again because of racial barriers. 2 At the age of thirty he gained acceptance to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. He was the first black student accepted to this college. Here he studied piano and art. With his ambition to pursue a science major, he transformed to Iowa Agricultural College (Iowa State) in 1891. He received his Bachelors of Science in 1894 and his Masters in bacterial botany and agriculture in 1897. He learned about fungi and the disease it causes. During his research he became known to agricultural centers all over the country. He went on to become the first black faculty member at Iowa State. He taught classes about soil conservation and chemurgy. In 1896, Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute for Negroes, convinced Carver to go south and serve as the Tuskegee school director of agriculture. Here he would remain for the rest of his life. Here, in Alabama, he did experiments with peanuts, sweet potatoes, pecans, peas, and soybeans. He soon developed his crop rotation method where he alternated the soil depleting cotton crops with these soil-enriching crops. Since America depended mostly on southern agriculture at this time, his achievement was very important and valuable to southern farmers. Since a combination of cotton, tobacco, and the Civil War had depleted the soil of rich nutrients, Carver convinced all of the southern farmers to adopt his technique. This helped the south to recover and produce not only more, but bigger crops. He continued constantly working with peanuts, sweet potatoes, and pecans trying to produce new products. He developed more than 300 products from the peanut (including Peanut Butter), 175 from the sweet potato, and 60 from the pecan. He extracted blue, purple, and red pigments from the clay soil of Alabama. .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .postImageUrl , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:hover , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:visited , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:active { border:0!important; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:active , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scientific method EssayHe researched the manufacture of synthetic marble from green wood shavings, rope from cornstalk fibers, and veneers from the palmetto root. During WWI, he worked to replace the textile dyes that were being imported from Europe. He ended up producing and replacing over 500 different shades. In 1927, he invented a process for producing paints and stains from soybeans. Three different patents were issued: US 1,522,176 Cosmetics and Producing the Same. Jan. 6,1925 George Washington Carver. Tuskegee, Alabama. US 1,541,478 Paint and Stain and Producing the Same. June 9, 1925 George Washington Carver. Tuskegee, Alabama US 1,632,365 Producing Paints and Stains June 14, 1927 George Washington Carver. Tuskegee, Alabama. 3 He did not patent or sell hundreds of his other inventions and products but gave them away for the world to benefit from them. His most famous peanut product was peanut butter. He received his doctorate from Simpson College in 1928. He became a member of the Royal Society of Arts in London, England. He also received, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Spingarn Medal. He became part of the U. S. Department of agriculture in 1935. In 1939, he was awarded the Roosevelt Medal for restoring southern agriculture. George Washington Carver died at the age of 79 (1864-1943) in 1943 from anemia. He donated his whole life savings to Tuskegee University for further study in agriculture. For his great accomplishments he was honored with many things. In 1951, a national monument near his home was formed and named after him. This was the first national monument to be named after an African American. He was given a commemorative stamp and was induced into the NY University of Hall of Fame. He was the second African American to make it into the hall of fame. George Washington Carver, in the end, achieved his goal as the greatest agriculturists and so much more. Everything that he invented, he invented for the benefit of mankind. He even gave away well over half of his invented products. But most important, he changed the south from being a one-crop land of cotton, to multi-crop farmlands, and gave the farmers hundreds of profitable uses for their new crops. 4 Truly an American hero of agriculturists, he paved and planted the road for future ones to come.